![]() cinaedi group, was isolated from the livers and caeca of aged (18–24 months) hamsters with chronic hepatitis, hepatic dysplasia and fibrosis, and/or biliary hyperplasia ( Fox et al., 2009). More recently, a novel Helicobacter sp., most closely related to Flexispira taxon 8 within the Helicobacter bilis/H. cinaedi has also been isolated from human patients, raising the possibility of zoonotic transmission to susceptible humans ( Kiehlbauch et al., 1994). Helicobacter cinaedi ( Gebhart et al., 1989) and Helicobacter mesocricetorum ( Simmons et al., 2000) were isolated from the faecal pellets of normal hamsters. Helicobacter aurati was isolated from the caeca and inflamed stomachs of hamsters with gastritis ( Patterson et al., 2000a) and Helicobacter cholecystus was isolated from the gallbladders of hamsters with cholangiofibrosis and centrilobular pancreatitis ( Franklin et al., 1996). have been isolated from laboratory hamsters, all from the Syrian hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus). In humans, Helicobacter pylori infects 50 % of the world’s population, causing peptic ulcers in 10–15 % and gastric adenocarcinomas in 1–2 % of infected individuals ( Fox & Wang, 2007). ![]() have been associated with diseases in humans ( De Groote et al., 2000), pets and research animals ( Whary & Fox, 2004). The genus Helicobacter comprises Gram-negative, anaerobic or microaerophilic, fastidious, flagellated, spiral bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary tracts of many mammals and birds ( Fox et al., 2006 Whary & Fox, 2004).
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